On September 29, Ukraine launched a Neptune missile attack on the Karachev Electrodetal Plant in Bryansk. The plant’s boiler room and part of the roof were damaged in the attack. Ukraine’s General Staff stated that 4 Neptune missiles were used in the attack. The Electrodetal plant produces “electronic warfare equipment, measuring instruments, electronic connectors and cable products.” The factory produces more than 25,000 electronic components and connectors in total, and they’re used in every facet of Russian manufacturing, including the arms industry.

Coordinates of the damaged part of the Elektrodetal plant’s roof: 53.1270, 35.0079

Satellite imagery showing damage to the roof and boiler room.

Ukraine struck two Russian radars on September 29-30. Special Operations Forces hit a P-14F Lena long-range radar at Buturlinivka air base in the Voronezh region. A Sopka-2 radar tracking system was destroyed in Harmashivka village, also in Voronezh. Both systems were meant to be monitoring the airspace for drones.


A fire broke out at the Yaroslavl oil refinery on October 1, 700 kilometers from the border. Governor Mikhail Yevrayev stated the fire was not from a drone attack, but it was a “man-made” fire. The fire originated at the VT-6 unit, which produces gasoline and diesel fuel. The refinery processed over 15 million tons of oil per year in 2022, equal to 286,000 barrels per day. It is one of Russia’s biggest refineries. The plant supplies fuel to central Russia for civilian use, and it also supplies fuel to military units.


Ukraine hit the Sukodolnaya oil pumping station in the Verkhnedonskoy district of Russia’s Rostov region on October 1. Governor Yury Slyusar claimed that a building roof and grass caught fire from a drone crash. The station is part of the Samara-Sukodolnaya-Rodionovskaya-Tikhoretsk pipeline, which transports oil from central Russia to the Black Sea coast without crossing through Ukrainian territory. NASA FRIMS satellites reported a large fire at the location.


On October 2, Ukrainian drones struck the Uralchem chemical plant in Berezniki. The drones damaged the water treatment facility, which produces water crucial for the manufacturing processes at the plant, including the production of ammonia, urea, and nitrate/nitrogen products. The treatment facility also provides water to the heating and cooling systems at the plant. The facility is about 1,600km from the border of Ukraine. The plant continues its operations, however.

Satellite imagery showing the damage

The coordinates of the damaged part of the facility: 59.4000, 56.7371


Liutyi drones hit the Orsknefteorgsintez refinery in Orsk, Orenburg region, on October 3. The facility is located 1,400 kilometers from the border. At least two drones were reportedly downed in the city. The strike hit the LCH-24-2000 gasoline and diesel hydrotreating unit, which was modernized in 2014. Hydrotreating is the final fuel production stage. The Liutyi drone's initial range was 1,000 kilometers. However, extended range can be achieved through reduced warhead weight, increased fuel capacity, engine modifications, and lighter design.

Location of the Orsk refinery: 51.2500,58.5076


Ukraine launched a successful attack on a heat and power plant in the city of Klintsy, Bryansk Oblast, Russia, on October 5. Power outages were recorded in the surrounding towns/villages. The strike targeted the “open distribution device of Klintsy CHP,” which is a transformer station that connects power plant to the region's power grid.
Location of the strike:
52.7478, 32.2557

From Russian blogger Dosye_sphiona:

"Strikes on Crimea.

Over the past day [roughly October 5], a series of strikes were carried out on military and fuel infrastructure facilities in the territory of Crimea.

What was not mentioned in the media:

• In the area of the settlement of Udachne, Krasnogvardeysky district, a UAV strike was carried out on the personnel deployment point of one of the units of the Russian Armed Forces. 4 servicemen were wounded.

• In the area of the settlement of Novostepne, Dzhankoy district, a UAV strike was carried out on the radar station of the S-400 complex from military unit 44750;

• In the area of the settlement of Dzhankoy, a UAV strike was carried out on the S-400 complex; the launcher was destroyed, the command post received minor damage, and a serviceman of the crew was wounded."

On October 6, Ukraine hit the Sverdlov Plant in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The plant is Russia’s only producer of HMX and RDX explosives. RDX is the main ingredient in C4 and other modern plastic explosives. The plant also produces aircraft and artillery shells, aerial bombs, including corrected bombs, warheads for anti-tank missiles, munitions for engineer troops, air defense missile warheads, and it assembles glide bombs. The facility caught fire due to the strike. The facility has been attacked in the past, including in April 2024 and October 2024.


Ukrainian drones struck Tyumen on October 6 and damaged the oil refinery's cooling tower. Tyumen is located 2,000 kilometers from the border. Russian authorities denied fires or explosions. The Tyumen Oil Refinery processes over 9 million tons of oil per year with 98% refining depth. The facility has three ELOU-AT systems, vacuum distillation, delayed coking units, diesel hydro-treatment, deparaffinization, and liquefied petroleum gas production. Products include diesel fuel, AI-95/AI-92 gasoline, propane-butane, petroleum coke, and sulfur.

Location of the damaged cooling tower: 57.0992, 65.7579

Damage to the Tyumen cooling tower

On October 6, Ukraine hit the Luch electrical substation in Belgorod with a missile, cutting power to parts of the city. Multiple explosions were reported by locals. On September 28, the Yakovlevsky district also lost electricity after a 60 MW thermal power plant was struck, leaving parts of Belgorod without power.

Location of the damage to the Luch site: 50.5607, 36.5804



Ukraine also damaged the Sea Oil Terminal in Feodosia, which handles oil transshipment between rail, ships, and road transport. The facility supports Russian occupation forces. A fire broke out at the terminal. The facility is one of two oil transshipment terminals on the peninsula, with a tank capacity of 250,000 cubic meters. After previous strikes in October 2024, 22 of 34 tanks remained intact. The fires burned for at least 2 days, and reportedly the fires spread to other tanks.

Location of the damaged oil tanks in Feodosia, 45.0703, 35.3949
The burning tanks marked in yellow



An ammunition depot of a logistics battalion of the 18th Combined Arms Army in Crimea was also hit on October 6.

On October 6, Ukraine's Special Operations Forces struck the ELOU-AVT-6 unit at Kirishinefteorgsintez refinery in the Leningrad region with drones. The unit processes six million tons of crude oil per year. It performs the desalting and primary fractionation steps. Primary fractionation is when oil is separated into kerosene, gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil, which are later refined into other products. The strike also hit the LAB-LABS unit, which produces liquid paraffins and alkylbenzenes. This is Russia's only facility that produces raw materials for synthetic detergents. Kirishinefteorgsintez is Russia's second-largest refinery with the capacity to process 21 million tons annually. The facility was built in 1966 and upgraded the ELOU-AVT-6 units in 2022. This was the third attack on Kirishinefteorgsintez in 2025. In March, drones hit a storage tank. In September, drones struck the ELOU-AVT-6 complex. Repairs to the facility will reportedly take a month to complete, at which time the refinery is expected to return to full production capacity.

Coordinates of the Kirishi Oil Refinery: 59.4862, 32.0658

On October 7, it was reported that Ukraine struck a 92N6E radar and a support vehicle from a Russian S-400 system. It was damaged by a loitering munition of some sort, possibly a RAM-X operated by Ukraine’s 92nd Separate Mechanized Brigade.


An explosion on October 7, 2025, derailed a military train carrying military cargo on the Stroganovo-Mshinskaya railway section in the Leningrad region of Russia. The locomotive and several carriages were derailed. Ukraine's Defense Intelligence stated that unknown partisans conducted the operation. Russian Railways stated that traffic on the section was temporarily suspended due to technical reasons. Freight and passenger trains are rerouting around the affected section, causing delays of several hours. Mobile phone service and internet are down in the area of the incident and are possibly being jammed by Russian authorities. Train traffic on the Saint Petersburg-Pskov route remains limited.


Ukraine struck the Lukoil refinery in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod region, located 800 kilometers from the border. The governor stated that air defenses repelled five UAVs and claimed no casualties or damage. Video from the area shows a large fire at the facility. The refinery processed 17 million tons annually, making it Russia's fourth-largest. The plant produces 1.1 million tons of Euro-5 diesel and 800,000 tons of high-octane gasoline components. It also supplies materials for asphalt and polymer production.


Nearly 40% of Russia's oil refining capacity has been shut down as of September 28, 2025, largely due to Ukrainian long-range drone strikes. Data agency Ciala reported that 38% of primary oil refining capacity at Russian refineries was idle, which is about 338,000 tons of crude oil per day. Total capacity available for gasoline and diesel production dropped 6% in August and 18% in September. Approximately 70% of the shutdowns were caused by drone attacks, which disabled about 236,000 tons per day of refining capacity. This is roughly ¼ of Russia’s refining capacity.

Gasoline production in September dropped by 1 million tons, creating a shortage equivalent to 20% of consumption. The gasoline shortage reached a total of about 400,000 tons out of the normal supply of 2 million tons. More than 20 regions faced fuel shortages, with the Far East and occupied Crimea hit hardest. Many gas stations have had to shut down.
 

Crimea banned the sale of more than 30 liters of gasoline per person. Repairing refinery equipment takes months, complicated by Western sanctions that have banned equipment sales. Russian oil companies cannot easily replace Western equipment with Chinese alternatives. The Russian government banned gasoline exports and is prepared to purchase fuel abroad. Zelenskyy stated that the gasoline shortage in Russia has reached about 20%, and Russian authorities are drawing on diesel reserves they had been keeping for emergencies.


Recently, Ukraine damaged/destroyed at least 5 Russian Tos-1 thermobaric MLRS.

2 were attacked and damaged in the Kupiansk region. Footage from these attacks did not show catastrophic damage to either system.

One was totally destroyed near Solodka Balka in the Zaporizhzhia region. It was hit with multiple drone-dropped munitions, and it burned quite heavily.

One was destroyed on the Pokrovsk front; the footage was limited, but a heavy dark cloud was produced by the attack, implying heavy repairs might be needed at the very least.

Ukraine’s SIGNUM unit posted a video of a strike on a TOS-1 traveling down a road in the Lyman direction. No follow-up footage was published showing the extent of the damage.


Ukraine's 412th Nemesis Regiment destroyed four North Korean M1989 Koksan 170mm self-propelled artillery systems using bomber and FPV drones. The strikes hit the barrel and breech areas, disabling the systems. Conventional Koksan shells reach 40 kilometers, and extended-range shells reach up to 60 kilometers. The rate of fire is one to two shots every five minutes. The Koksan outranges all barrel artillery Russia currently uses at the front. Only the Soviet 203mm 2S7 Pion matches its range when using extended range shells.


Ukrainian drones destroyed a Russian R-330Zh Zhytyel signal jamming station in occupied Luhansk Oblast on October 6, 2025. The R-330Zh system can jam ground radio communications up to 25 kilometers and communications on aircraft up to 50 kilometers. The system also locates sources of radio emissions, determines their coordinates, and interferes with satellite communications, GPS signals, and mobile networks. Only 23 R-330Zh jamming units have been visually confirmed to have been destroyed.


It was reported that, about a year ago, a Russian National Guard officer at Novocherkassk airfield ordered subordinates to burn trash in a pit. This was despite direct orders not to do this due to the high risk of fires in the area. The burn pit fire spread to dry grass and reached the aircraft parking area. A Mi-8 helicopter was destroyed along with fuel, rescue equipment, parachute gear, and pyrotechnic materials. The damage caused was worth 574 million rubles. Officer Nikolai Novosolov was fined 350,000 rubles and banned from holding managerial positions for one year. The court ordered him to pay 5 million rubles in damages. The military unit asked for full compensation, but the court pointed out that with a monthly income of 37,200 rubles, the officer cannot physically compensate for the full cost.


President Zelenskyy said that Russia has suffered 12,000 casualties in the Pokrovsk and Dobropillia areas since Ukraine launched its counteroffensive near Dobropillia on August 21, 2025. More than 7,200 of those casualties are irrecoverable losses.


A milblogger reported on heroic actions by Ukrainian soldiers. 

Dumky_frontovyka:

Sergeant with the call sign "Rus" defended two bridges near Dobropillia for 50 days. He personally killed 27 Russian soldiers. For this, the brigade nominated him for the title of Hero of Ukraine, The Times writes.

Together with "Artist," they entered the village at the end of July with supplies for two weeks. Their task was simple: to hold two bridges. Instead of 14 days, they held out for 7 weeks under Russian drones, artillery, and infantry attacks.

They split into small groups, cleared houses, and prepared ambushes. A captured Russian radio helped, which allowed them to hear enemy movements. Ukrainian drones observed from above and coordinated them.

The Russians advanced in small groups. "Rus" waited until they approached within 30 meters and only then opened fire. He and his comrades repeatedly set ambushes, forcing the enemy to retreat and disappear from the battlefield.

In 50 days, "Rus" personally killed 27 enemies. This was confirmed by drone operators. "He really killed them, just with small arms," said his commander.

The conditions were inhuman. They lived in ruins constantly shelled by Russian artillery. They washed only with wet wipes. The greatest rest was to take off the helmet or body armor for half an hour.

On the 30th day, a mortar shell collapsed their shelter. "Rus" hid in the basement at that time, while "Artist" suffered a concussion and shrapnel wounds, later crawling through dust and making it to the hospital on his own. "Rus" stayed and continued the fight.

After 50 days, he and four other infantrymen were finally relieved. They spent two days withdrawing under fire and kamikaze drone attacks.

"Rus" returned with the reputation of a warrior who single-handedly stopped the Russian breakthrough through patience and ambushes."

Here is a sort of experimental battlefield update based on aggregated reports from various Telegram channels over the past couple days and the ISW. I don't know if I'll keep doing these, it was interesting to try though. 

 

Lyman Direction

Russia conducted assaults near Serednie, Shandryholove, Derylove, Stavkov, and Zarichne. Fighting continues on the eastern outskirts of Yampol. West of the Nitrius River, Russia is pushing against farm areas on the northern outskirts of Novosyolovka. Russian sources claim advances west of Shandryholove, northwest of Novoselivka, and in northeastern Yampil. Geolocated footage shows Ukraine maintained or advanced positions northeast of Stavky, contradicting earlier Russian claims of control.

A Ukrainian brigade reported Russia used a tank in an assault while motorcycles carrying electronic warfare devices set to different frequencies operated nearby. Another Ukrainian unit reported Russia is accumulating personnel in the sector and taking advantage of poor weather that limits Ukrainian drone operations.

Velykyi Burluk Direction

Russia captured Odradne. Geolocated footage shows Russian servicemembers raising a flag in northern Odradne. Russia claims elements of the 7th Motorized Rifle Regiment, 79th Motorized Rifle Regiment, and 11th Tank Regiment participated. Russian sources claim further advances southeast of Odradne and along the Milove-Khatnie line, though these remain unconfirmed. Russia conducted drone strikes against bridges over the Verkhnya Dvorichna River west of Ambarne and between Hryhorivka and Obukhivka.

Kupyansk Direction

Russia advanced north of Pischchane, confirmed by geolocated footage. Russia is attempting to advance along forest belts and into forested areas west of Stepova Novoselivka to outflank the settlement. Fighting continues in northwestern Kupyansk. Russian sources claim advances in central Kupyansk and toward Bolohivka, though these have not been confirmed.

A Ukrainian brigade spokesperson reported Russia has not conducted mechanized or large-group infantry assaults recently. Russia now attacks in small infantry groups from multiple directions simultaneously to distract Ukrainian reconnaissance. Russia struck civilian vehicles in Kupyansk with a Molniya drone and an FPV drone near Kolodyazne. Russia conducted a FAB-3000 glide bomb strike near Kivsharivka and four FAB-250 strikes in Kupyansk. Russia is striking Ukrainian ground lines of communication in Osynove.

A Ukrainian unit reported Russia launched assault actions with approximately 40 troops. Half were destroyed before reaching their gathering point. Twenty made it through but were stopped by reinforced Ukrainian positions.

General Kharkiv Direction

Russian sources claim advances within western and southern Vovchansk, though these remain unconfirmed.

Siversk Direction

Russia advanced in central Kuzmynivka, confirmed by geolocated footage. Russian sources claim advances west and south of Kuzmynivka and northeast of Dronivka, though these remain unconfirmed. Russia is conducting assault attacks in small groups on the southern outskirts of Zvanivka under drone and mortar cover. Russia has not fully secured Kuzmynivka but is conducting house-to-house sweeps. The village is turning into a gray zone.

From Fedorivka, Russia is assaulting toward Ukrainian strongpoints, attempting to reach the road connecting Siversk with the southwest to cut logistics and force Ukrainian withdrawal. Russia pressed into Vyimka and advanced northward. Ukrainian forces struck Russian groups advancing from the lakeside with FPV drones. Russian sources claim they are gradually cutting off Ukrainian ground lines of communication on the eastern and southern flanks of Siversk.

Pokrovsk-Dobropillia Direction

The Shakhtarskyi and Sonyachny microdistricts in Pokrovsk have fallen into a gray zone. Russian units crossed the E50 highway and penetrated the private-sector area. Russia is concentrating efforts on three vectors: from Pivdennyi microdistrict toward the city center, from Shakhtarskyi toward Sobachovka district, and from Sonyachny toward Hnativka with further advance toward Roh. The aim is to envelop the city from the south and east and bypass defensive lines.

Chunyshyne is holding on the edge as a gray zone. Russia is increasing pressure. Ukraine conducted a local counterattack and regained control of Dorozhnye. They are working to stabilize their positions. Russia is attacking toward Vilne and the southern outskirts of Volodymyrivka to disrupt Ukrainian control. Russian sabotage and reconnaissance groups are operating on the eastern outskirts of Sofiivka and southeast of Novopavlivka.

Russia advanced in central Pankivka, confirmed by geolocated footage. A Ukrainian drone unit reported Russia attempted to conduct a company-sized mechanized assault toward Kostyantynivka, taking advantage of poor weather. Ukraine destroyed one tank, two armored personnel carriers, and one infantry fighting vehicle, and struck three tanks, one amphibious IFV, and five armored fighting vehicles. Russia seized Krasnyi Lyman and Novoekonomichne, confirmed by Ukrainian sources. Russian sources claim advances in northern, western, and southern Pokrovsk, though these remain unconfirmed.

A Ukrainian brigade spokesperson reported Russia is intensely shelling Pokrovsk, attacking in small infantry groups of two to three servicemembers, and using fiber optic drones. Russia is using mothership drones to carry and extend the range of FPV drones to strike deeper into the Ukrainian rear and interdict ground lines of communication. Russia is attempting to attack using civilian vehicles, motorcycles, ATVs, and electric scooters but not armored vehicles. Ukraine destroyed a Russian Kuryer ground drone armed with an AGS-17 fully automatic grenade launcher for the first time.

Velykomykhailivka-Novopavlivka Direction

Ukraine liberated four settlements in Dnipropetrovsk region: Sosnivka, Khoroshe, Novoselivka, and Sichneve. The 225th Assault Regiment cleared three settlements while the 141st Mechanized Brigade liberated another in September. After clearing operations, positions were handed over to other mechanized units. Russia continues assault operations in the direction of Novoselivka and Sichneve. Ukraine destroyed approximately 50 Russian troops during the liberation of Sichneve and took eight prisoners. Novoselivka has turned into a kill zone for Russia, with regular Russian incursions into the town being eliminated each time.

Geolocated footage shows Ukraine maintained or advanced positions north of Stepove, contradicting earlier Russian claims. Russian sources claim advances west of Stepove and toward Vyshneve, though these remain unconfirmed.

Zaporizhzhia Direction

At the Poltavka bridgehead, Russia began assault actions in the area of farms southeast of Okhotnychyi, pressuring Ukrainian positions in groves and along fields. The goal is to secure the farms and get into the depth of the bridgehead to cut supply lines and communications with Poltavka. Poltavka is under fire pressure from the east and southeast flanks. Russia used a guided missile, an Izdelie 305 on a fortified position building.

At the Uspenivka bridgehead, Russia is pushing southeast of Novomykolayivka and deploying eastward toward Novovasylivske. There is a likelihood Russia will attempt a strike on Pavlivka to bypass the Uspenivka fortified area from the northwest. Russia is using FAB-3000 strikes, with confirmed footage. Russian sources claim advances north and south of Novohryhorivka, within central Novohryhorivka, north of Poltavka, and within central Poltavka, though these remain unconfirmed.

In the western Zaporizhia direction, Russia is attacking near Stepove on motorcycles and using infiltration tactics near Prymorske, Plavni, and Kamyanske in small groups to accumulate in the Ukrainian rear. Russian commanders ordered soldiers to use scorched earth tactics to destroy buildings in Novodanylivka, Novoandriivka, and Mala Tokmachka to prepare for offensive operations and deny Ukrainian forces cover.

Quote of the Day:
"But did you know that when it snows
My eyes become large and
The light that you shine can't be seen?

Baby, I compare you to a kiss from a hedgehog on the grey
Ooh, the more I get of you, stranger it feels, yeah
And now that your hedgehog is in bloom
A light hits the gloom on the grey"
-Seal